The solar photovoltaic power system connected to the public grid is called an on-grid photovoltaic power generation system. The system structure includes solar battery arrays, DC/DC converters, DC/AC inverters, AC loads, transformers, and other components.

The grid-connected system converts DC power from solar cells into AC power synchronized with the grid's amplitude, frequency, and phase. When sunshine is strong, the system supplies the load and feeds excess energy into the grid. When sunshine is insufficient, the system obtains electrical energy from the grid to ensure a continuous supply.

• No Battery Maintenance: Uses the power grid at night or on rainy days, reducing system costs and maintenance troubles associated with batteries.
• Income Generation: Excess electricity generated during sunny periods can be fed back into the power grid, allowing for power harvesting and increased income.
• Unrestricted Access: The system is not limited by battery charge states and can access the grid at any time.
• Maximum Efficiency: Solar arrays can be designed at the optimal inclination angle to maximize annual power generation capacity.
• Peak Shaving: High solar radiation in summer coincides with peak electricity usage for cooling, helping to balance the grid load.